Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) make it possible to monitor a variety of environments in both civilian and military applications. Therefore, design and development of energy efficiency routing of WSNs has been formed an active research area until now. Because of sensors in the environment have a limited energy; their energy consumption has a vital importance for WSNs. Due to this reason in this study, It has been designed a new routing protocol utilizing random placement of dynamic cluster based stations (cluster head) to distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network equally.
It has been developed the routing protocol based on Electromagnetism- Like (EM-L) which is a meta-heuristic algorithm, termed this protocol as “Energy-Efficient Routing with EM-L Algorithm (E-EREM)” and applied to network in order to provide a routing energy efficient of cluster-based WSNs. Energy efficiency of the E-EREM protocol has been compared with LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrated that using of the developed E-EREM protocol could be increased the lifetime of the network by optimizing the energy consumption of each sensor in the network.